John Murray (publishing House)

John Murray is a British publisher, known for the authors it has published in its long history including, Jane Austen, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Lord Byron, Charles Lyell, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Herman Melville, Edward Whymper, Thomas Malthus, David Ricardo, and Charles Darwin. Since 2004, it has been owned by conglomerate Lagardère under the Hachette UK brand. Business publisher Nicholas Brealey became an imprint of John Murray in 2015.

History

The business was founded in London in 1768 by John Murray (1737–1793), an Edinburgh-born Royal Marines officer, who built up a list of authors including Isaac D'Israeli and published the ''English Review''.

John Murray the elder was one of the founding sponsors of the London evening newspaper ''The Star'' in 1788.

He was succeeded by his son John Murray II, who made the publishing house important and influential. He was a friend of many leading writers of the day and launched the ''Quarterly Review'' in 1809. He was the publisher of Jane Austen, Sir Walter Scott, Washington Irving, George Crabbe, Mary Somerville and many others. His home and office at 50 Albemarle Street in Mayfair was the centre of a literary circle, fostered by Murray's tradition of "Four o'clock friends", afternoon tea with his writers.

Murray's most notable author was Lord Byron, who became a close friend and correspondent of his. Murray published many of his major works, paying him over £20,000 in rights. On 10 March 1812 Murray published Byron's second book, ''Childe Harold's Pilgrimage'', which sold out in five days, leading to Byron's observation "I awoke one morning and found myself famous".

On 17 May 1824 Murray participated in one of the most notorious acts in the annals of literature. Byron had given him the manuscript of his personal memoirs to publish later on. Together with five of Byron's friends and executors, he decided to destroy Byron's manuscripts because he thought the scandalous details would damage Byron's reputation. With only Thomas Moore objecting, the two volumes of memoirs were dismembered and burnt in the fireplace at Murray's office. It remains unknown what they contained.

John Murray III (1808–1892) continued the business and published Charles Eastlake's first English translation of Goethe's Theory of Colours (1840), David Livingstone's ''Missionary Travels'' (1857), and Charles Darwin's ''Origin of Species'' (1859). Murray III contracted with Herman Melville to publish Melville's first two books, ''Typee'' (1846) and '' Omoo'' (1847) in England; both books were presented as nonfiction travel narratives in Murray's ''Home and Colonial Library'' series, alongside such works as the 1845 second edition of Darwin's '' Journal of Researches'' from his travels on . John Murray III also started the '' Murray Handbooks'' in 1836, a series of travel guides from which modern-day guides are directly descended. The rights to these guides were sold around 1900 and subsequently acquired in 1915 by the Blue Guides.

His successor Sir John Murray IV (1851–1928) was publisher to Queen Victoria. Among other works, he published Murray's Magazine from 1887 until 1891. From 1904 he published the Wisdom of the East book series. Competitor Smith, Elder & Co. was acquired in 1917.

His son Sir John Murray V (1884–1967), grandson John Murray VI (John Arnaud Robin Grey Murray, known as Jock Murray; 1909–1993) and great-grandson John Murray VII (John Richmond Grey Murray; 1941–) continued the business until it was taken over.

In 2002, John Murray was acquired by Hodder Headline, which was itself acquired in 2004 by the French conglomerate Lagardère Group. Since then, it has been an imprint under Lagardère brand Hachette UK.

In 2015, business publisher Nicholas Brealey became an imprint of John Murray.

John Murray archive

The John Murray Archive was offered for sale to the nation by John Murray VII for £31 million and the National Library of Scotland has acquired it, including the manuscript of Charles Darwin's ''Origin of Species''. On 26 January 2005, it was announced that the National Library was to be given £17.7m by the Heritage Lottery Fund towards the £31.2m price offered by John Murray on condition the Library digitise the materials and make them available. The Scottish Government agreed to contribute £8.3m, with the Library setting a £6.5m fundraising target for the remainder.

John Murray timeline

* 1768 – John MacMurray, a former lieutenant of the Marines, buys a bookselling business at 32 Fleet Street. He changes his name to Murray and uses his naval contacts to build up a thriving business
* 1806 – The first bestseller, ''A New System of Domestic Cookery, by A Lady'' (Maria Rundell), was published, with
second edition
two years later.
* 1809 – The influential periodical the ''Quarterly Review'' founded
* 1811 – ''Childe Harold's Pilgrimage'' by Lord Byron published
* 1812 – John Murray moved to 50 Albemarle Street, its home for the next 191 years
* 1815 – Jane Austen decides she would like to move to Murray with '' Emma'', published in 1815
* 1816 – Coleridge moved to John Murray for ''Christabel and Other Poems'', which included 'Kubla Khan'
* 1830 – First part of the three volume ''Principles of Geology'' by Charles Lyell published ()
* 1836 – The first guide books, ''Murray's Handbooks'', published by John Murray III
* 1849 – A groundbreaking observational study on the Sikh people is published. This comprehensive account arguably foreshadowed the British Empire's first large-scale attempt at using the scientific method to civilise populations; this methodological approach later became known as Eugenics.
* 1857 – David Livingstone's ''Missionary Travels'', published – one of the many great 19th-century publications of exploration from John Murray
* 1859 – ''On the Origin of Species'' by Charles Darwin published
* 1859 – The first self-help book, ''Samuel Smiles's Self Help'', published
* 1863 – Henry Walter Bates's ''The Naturalist on the River Amazons'' published
* 1865 – ''Narrative of an Expedition to the Zambesi and its Tributaries; and of the Discovery of the Lakes Shirwa and Nyassa. 1858-1864'' by David and Charles Livingstone published
* 1871 – Edward Whymper ''Scrambles Amongst the Alps in the Years 1860-69'', The first ascent of the Matterhorn in 1865
* 1891 – Edward Whymper ''Travels Amongst the Great Andes of the Equator'', Two volumes recording ascents in the Ecuadorian Andes of Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, Cayambe (volcano), and other Andean Peaks
* 1912 – June, Published ''Behind The Night Light'' by Nancy Price, which was reprinted in June 1912, September 1912 and January 1913.
* 1921 – ''An Etymological Dictionary of Modern English'' by Ernest Weekley published
* 1934 – Dr. Julius Kugy ''Alpine Pilgrimage'' (1st edition (English) 1934), Klugy's literary masterpiece on the Julian Alps of Slovenia as translated by H. E. G. Tyndale (Henry Edmund Guise Tyndale)
* 1938 – Daniele Varè's biography ''The Laughing Diplomat'' is published
* 1958 – John Betjeman's ''Collected Poems'' published and has sold over 2 million copies to date
* 1967 – Last issue of the ''Quarterly Review'' published
* 1969 – The first TV tie-in, Kenneth Clark's ''Civilisation'', published
* 1975 – Ruth Prawer Jhabvala's ''Heat and Dust'' wins the Booker Prize
* 1977 – The "greatest travel book of the twentieth century", ''A Time of Gifts'' by Patrick Leigh Fermor published
* 2002 – John Murray leaves family hands after seven generations
* 2002 – ''Peacemakers'' by Margaret MacMillan wins the Samuel Johnson Prize, the Duff Cooper Prize and the Hessell-Tiltman Prize
* 2003 – The first new acquisition since the company became part of Hodder Headline (now Hachette), ''A Million Little Pieces'' by James Frey, becomes a perennial and controversial bestseller
* 2004 – Rebirth of the John Murray fiction list with Neil Jordan's ''Shade''
* 2005 – ''Beasts of No Nation'' by Uzodinma Iweala wins John Llewellyn Rhys Prize
* 2007 – ''Mister Pip'' by Lloyd Jones becomes a global bestseller, wins the Commonwealth Writers' Prize and is shortlisted for the Man Booker Prize
* 2008 – Amitav Ghosh

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